Risk Behavior in Youth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Risk Behavior in Youth - Essay Example Most of the established studies on young people in Western societies have been devoted to an understanding of their transition within their families and schools towards adulthood and their working lives. During the different stages of their transition, the young people confront or create risks as they go through. Risk behaviours that include tobacco, alcohol, and drug use are common in young adults, and it is a common finding that those who engage in risky behaviours are prone to engage in additional risky behaviours with passage of time. Social sciences have established that as the number of risky behaviours increase, depression as a comorbidity emerges that take away the productive and fruitful time out of the youth (Viner, R. and Macfarlane, A., 2000). Although not universally true, the young people are prone to take risks sometimes to the extent of a risky life. More recent research in Europe, the UK, the US, and Australia demonstrate a out of bound mismatch between the conventio nal models of transition and the attitudes, choices, and experience of young people themselves in reality. The reason may be significant social and economic changes since the early 1970s. These could have introduced elements of uncertainty, unpredictability and risk into the lives of the young (Young, R., Beinum, MV., Sweeting, H., and West, P., 2007). Thus, it can be stated that risk is a useful concept in understanding young people. In the following sections, evidence for that would be analysed in order to find support for this statement, so some solution can be found to prevent this. Endemicity of Risk There is evidence that risk and uncertainty are certainly endemic, and technology and social institutions are unable to eliminate it. The modern notion of risk is guided largely by uncertainty. Harvest failure, pestilence, migrations, new currents in religion, technological developments, and the unforeseen consequences of urbanization have all exerted a powerful and typically unpredicted influence on the problems and difficulties the population including the young face (Case, S., 2006). Traditionally, lack of certainty in life was attributed to "the other" agencies beyond human control: the ignorance of imperfect humanity, divine agency, luck, destiny, or fate. Many events in the history of society have been the eye openers of the fact that risk has accompanied technical development and revealed the weaknesses of institutions for managing the resulting uncertainty. The social scientific study of people's responses to risk tends to focus on either their narrow cognitive or their broad sociocultural roots (Dworkin, J., 2005). The Young There is a diversity of experiences that characterises the lives of the young people. Although they belong to the same generation they have emerged with different aspirations for the future and have made different choices about their personal interests and priorities, and hence they have different life patterns that do not match with any linear assumption or prediction. Research has shown that young people do indeed possess a sense of persistence and determination in the face of frustrated expectations. After education, every

How electronic medication administration has prevent medication error Essay

How electronic medication administration has prevent medication error - Essay Example Research reveals that eMAR (electronic medication administration record) minimizes medication administration faults, as well as other adverse occasions that are drug-related. With the help of eMAR bar code technology, physicians are capable of issuing correct medication at the right time to the appropriate patients (Chan, 2010). When nurses adopt this technology, patients’ medication orders appear on their chart electronically after being endorsed by a pharmacist. Nurses are also alerted by this technology in case the medication of a particular patient is overdue. Here, the nurse is supposed to scan the patients’ barcode on their wristband before proceeding to those who are on medication. If the two fail to match the appropriate medication order, one is issued with a warning indicating that the treatment is not right (Richardson, Thomas, & McDowell, 2013). Moreover, CPOE (computerized provider order entry) is an electronic prescribing practice that minimizes errors that are related to wrong transcription or poor handwriting. CPOE systems support drug prescription, alert on unsafe interactions, and allow physicians to make right medication decisions, which minimizes errors further (Ward, Froehle, Hart, Collins, & Lindsell, 2014). Therefore, it is true that electronic medication administration plays a vital role in inhibiting medical faults. Chan, S. (2010). Factors Associated With the Use of Electronic Information Systems for Drug Dispensing and Medication Administration Records in Nursing Homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 9(6), 414-421. Richardson, S. J., Thomas, S. K., & McDowell, S. K. (2013). Medication self-administration in hospitalised patients: An evaluation using data from an electronic prescribing and medication administration system. Clinical Therapeutics, 36(8), e32-e37. Ward, M. J., Froehle, C. M., Hart, K. W., Collins, S. P., & Lindsell, C. J. (2014). Transient and Sustained Changes in

Romeo and Juliet, analytical essay Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet, analytical essay Essay Romeo and Juliet is an extremely well-known play written by William Shakespeare in the late 1590s. It is a story about an ancient rivalry between two wealthy families which is defied by two teenage star-crossed lovers who tragically die. The play was set in the Elizabethan era in Verona Italy. Despite that the play was written four hundred years ago it continues to capture the imaginations of teenagers in the 21st century, and the themes within the play are still seen in modern culture. These themes include infatuation, emotional extremity and rebellion. Romeo and Juliet is the most famous love story in English literature history, infatuation is naturally the play’s foremost and most significant theme as Romeo and Juliet become infatuated with each other in an impossible situation. Romeo and his friends have crashed the Capulet’s party and Romeo has just laid eyes on Juliet, Romeo says â€Å"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiopia’s ear; Shakespeare’s use of metaphor â€Å"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! † (1. 5. 2) reflects Romeo’s extreme infatuation with Juliet as he idolises her, Romeo is saying how beautiful and glowing Juliet is by comparing her to the stars. The love between Romeo and Juliet can come across as immature and impulsive which is why it is also known as infatuation. Teenagers in the 21st century still have these impulsive emotions which cause them to make immature decisions which aren’t thought through clearly with all the outcomes considered; examples of these impulsive actions are sexting, and having an un-committed sexual relationship. Romeo’s wild emotions majorly impact those directly around him, especially Juliet. Romeo’s emotions are always very intense and usually change quite quickly without much thought to the previous matter which caused his emotions to go wild in the first place. Juliet is impacted by these extreme emotions as seen later in the play that Juliet’s level headedness is thrown out the window and quickly replaced with similar intense emotions just like Romeo. These emotions are seen commonly among teenagers now days, due to raging hormones and increasing pressure from other substantial causes, irrational mood swings and impulsive decisions

Is Quantitative Easing useful to Stimulate the UK economy

Is Quantitative Easing useful to Stimulate the UK economy Abstract After the global financial crisis took place in late 2008, quantitative easing started to be considered as a potential solution to the recession all over the world. Usually, governments used to regulate key interest rates to achieve the goal of modifying underperforming economics, but this no longer seems to be competent because interest rate cutting may not be a sufficient measure to bring the world economy back on track. Therefore, quantitative easing policy is adopted to adjust the circulation of money in the economy. The project sets out to analyze whether the quantitative easing policy is suitable for the economic situation in the UK. The conclusion drawn by this essay is that quantitative easing policy is not a proper solution to UKs economy and that more attention should be paid concerning its implementation in this systematically incomplete situation. Contents Abstract 3 Contents 4 List of Figures 5 Introduction 1 1.Quantitative Easing Policy in the U.K. 2 2.Disadvantages of Quantitative Easing 3 3.Advantages of Quantitative Easing 7 4.Argument 10 5.Evidences 12 Conclusion 16 References 17 List of Figures Figure 1: UK Money multiplier 5 Figure 2: The Trend of GBP/USD Since 2005 6 Figure 3: UK 10-year Government Bond Yield (%) 14 Figure 4: Growth rate of M4 from Bank of England 15 Introduction Quantitative easing (QE) designates an application of monetary policy used to stimulate the economy. In other words, quantitative easing can be defined as an economic policy that uses an expansion of the money supply to purchase assets (Meier 2009). Normally, the central bank of a country provides extra capital to ease pressure on banks by putting huge amount of money into markets to buy back bonds or gilts either from banks or commercial sectors. Quantitative easing offers two possible benefits. First, the volume of lending of banks will increase as banks have more cash in exchange for bonds or gilts with the government. The other benefit is that diminishing the supply of gilts will increase the price of gilts. Consequently, the gilt yields decrease, and further, long-term interest rate for overdraft and some mortgage decreases as well (Elliott 2009). In 2009 March, the UK government announced a plan that the government would implement quantitative easing and set the bank rate at 0.5% in order to meet the inflation target of 2% and would stimulate the economy by increasing spending. Mitigation of the bank rate can greatly stimulate the economy. If the rate further approaches zero reduction, it may be less effective. Besides, injecting more money directly into the market by purchasing assets can also boost the economy. Moreover, Krugman (1998) states that the money supply is not the only factor that contributes to long-term inflation. However, others argue that monetary oversupply will lead to high inflation and countries will fall into a financial trap. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate opinions based on the current literature encompassing both sides of the subject, to enrich it with its momentary effects on the British economy and then finally to give an assessment of the subject. Quantitative Easing Policy in the U.K. During the economic recession in 2008, UK interest rates were at the lowest level (0.5%) in the Bank of Englands 315-year history. The reason why the Bank conducted a series of interest rate cuts was that it aimed to encourage the commercial banks to lend again. However, the aim was not achieved. Even though the interest rate was quite low, the economy remained stagnant and the consumer spending remained flat. The British government decided to apply the same policy to drag them out of the recession. The first plan was announced in March 2009, stating that  £75bn would be made available to purchase government bonds and corporate debt during the following three months in order to provide liquidity in the economy. This raised the concern about the consequence of quantitative easing in the U.K. The argument can be generally divided into two divisions. One division believes that printing money will lead to high inflation in years to come, while the other argues that the economic situation is more likely to follow the example of Japan in the 1990s. It is evident that both arguments have reasonable points. Nevertheless, according to the data obtained, UK will probably suffer from inflation in years to come. Firstly, in theory, quantitative easing itself is an aggressive policy due to the fact that it increases the size of the money base in the economy and a large money base is usually regarded as the cause of inflation. However, some economists argue that the policy is not simply printing money. Germany and Zimbabwe did in the 1920s (BBC), it still considerably increases the central banks balance sheet and the monetary base. In addition, there is not a standard to assess the accurate and appropriate amount of money to be injected into the market and hence it is highly difficult to decide the amount of quantitative easing, and if the amount decided is larger than the market actually needs, high inflation may inevitably occur. As is indicated by Jason Simpson from the Royal Bank of Scotland (BBC), inflation is considerably stronger than the bank had expected and there are concerns that it wont get back within target if QE continued. Secondly, in reality, as is measured by the Office of National Statistics, there is currently an upward pressure on CPI (Consumer Price Index) (an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer) annual inflation. The CPI annual inflation was 3.4 percent in March 2010, which is far beyond the initial aim of quantitative easing policy-to increase the inflation rate to 2 percent. In February, the rate was 3 percent, while Europes inflation rate as a whole was only 1.4 percent (Office of National Statistics 2010). Considering these issues, there is no evidence to demonstrate that the rapid increase in the CPI annual inflation rate is not a consequence of quantitative easing policy. Disadvantages of Quantitative Easing It seems that conducting Quantitative Easing policy by raising the monetary base in the United Kingdom can effectively stimulate the investment market and help recover the economy. Generally, one of the basic formulas of monetary policy is MV=PQ (M is the stock of broad money, V is the velocity of circulation, P is the aggregate price level of commodities, and Q is the economic quantity) and we usually assume M as a multiple of the monetary base as well (Ellis 2009 and Haung 2009). On the base of QE, policy-makers expect to enlarge the nominal spending (PQ) in UK economy. However, several potential problems still exist and there are uncertainties behind this policy. First of all, there is a distinct possibility of exam deflation becoming a consequence (Haung 2008). Adopting quantitative easing during recent financial crisis should cause a significant rise in P; in other words, the increase of M and decrease in Q will lead to a climbing in P theoretically. At the same time, nonetheless, V plunges because of the credit risk which indicates that banks have no money for lending or that they are reluctant to lend money to borrowers; therefore, it leads to a drop of P as well (Haung 2008). As a whole, the future price is decided by the rate of money which depends on peoples confidence. If people have strong tendency toward saving or banks are still afraid of lending money to investors, the monetary velocity will not improve after recession. And this may cause deflation. For example, the Japanese government carried on a quantitative easing program after the recession in 90s, while their perspective on saving let people become more risk-averse and unwil ling to invest. Hence, Japan faced with a serious deflation and lower exchange rate which did not promote the general social situation. Furthermore, Ellis (2009) put forward the idea that a high unemployment rate and the chance of deflation forces people to shift their demand from increasing expense and investment to saving. On the other hand, it may lead to severe inflation (Bullard 2010). Bullard, the president and the CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, argued that if government does not control the monetary velocity well after the implement of the quantitative easing policy, the increase in money supply will result in an undesirably large acceleration of credit and then an undesirably large increase in inflation. Consequently, it is difficult to deliberate and predict the extent of quantitative easing which may incur deflation or inflation easily (Bullard 2010). Second, it is unsure that this extra money will be used by businesses and households (Ellis 2009). In figure 1, Ellis (2009) illustrated that the money multiplier (Money multiplier is the relationship between broad money as well as money base) reduced considerably during last few years which may not reach the fixed goal of quantitative easing, although the Bank of England believed that a large increase in demand will come along through only a small rise in the supply of money (Ellis 2009). Source from: Bank of England and Elliss calculations Figure 1: UK Money multiplier He also claimed that banks using new money to purchase new financial assets may have less influence on increasing broad money; in contrast, those banks tended to restructure their financial foundation and then they were reluctant to lend money after boosting their investment activity. As a result, quantitative easing policy may not indeed generate predicted commercial and domestic spending. Finally, the increase of money supply may result from foreign investors because of the weaker sterling and the arbitrage on financial assets (Ellis 2009). Figure 2 shows the variation of the exchange rate (The vertical illustrates the value of the British Pound against the US dollar). Source from: Reuters UK, April, 2010. Figure 2: The Trend of GBP/USD Since 2005 Sterling has become weaker since the sub-prime crisis in 2008. In other words, investors may be more willing to hold cash by selling their new financial assets. It is because that when banks invest more financial securities with new money, those stock prices will go up slightly and offer an opportunity for earning a short term advantage (Ellis 2009). Moreover, Ellis (2009) demonstrated that foreign investors will have the tendency to sell the securities in order to transfer to the alternative currencies if sterling is still relative weak. Thus, a great money supply indeed boosts the UK economy; nevertheless, it is not mainly from the higher households and business activities spending. Instead, it may come from the spending by foreigners who earn new cash from securities as well as from the weaker sterling. Advantages of Quantitative Easing According to Orphanides and Wieland (2000), central banks normally prefer to use an interest rate rather than a monetary quantity as operating target. Interest rates are considered much easier to observe and to control on a continuous basis than monetary policy. However, when the interest rate is in a near-zero level, the quantity of base money remains available as a tool for gauging the extent of monetary easing. The way to do this is for the central bank to buy assets in exchange for money. In theory, any assets can be bought from anybody. In practice, the focus of quantitative easing is on buying securities, such as government debt, mortgage-backed securities or even equities from banks. Firstly, the bank creates new money electronically in its accounts. Then the bank buys bonds (companies IOUs) and gilts (Government IOUs) from commercial banks. The value of the bonds and gilts bought is now credited to banks that sold them. The commercial banks can make new loans against the increased funding. Extra lending boosts cash and credit flowing in the economy. Extra demand for bonds and gilts from the bank drives down interest rates for business and consumer borrowers. As a result, flows of extra and cheaper money stimulate growth. There are some possible effects of quantitative easing according to the macroeconomic theory. Firstly, in theory, it could reduce cost of capital of the whole economy by bringing down the interest rate (Pankiw 2009). As through QE, the Bank of England (BoE) will lower the government yield as buying government bond from non-bank sector. Thus investors could prefer riskier investment elsewhere in order to get higher return, such as corporate bonds, loans, commercial paper and equities. As a result, the yields on these assets would also be expected to fall. Secondly, QE is able to improve the capital positions of banks (Pankiw 2009). Whatever money does not go into either financial or real economic investment will find its way into deposits at commercial banks. This should help improve banks funding positions and, in theory, make them more comfortable with devoting capital to lending. Furthermore, it is evidenced that QE can stimulate growth in the money supply to the real economy (Pankiw 2009). As Treasuries start lending to the non-financial corporate sector, confidence becomes stable. By pumping into the real economy, the money created through QE is considered to be able to drive the economic recovery forward. In addition, it is argued that monetary policies could have additional effects on the economy, via so-called credit channel, because interest-rate decisions affect the cost and availability of credit (Iordache 2009). The credit channel contains the balance-sheet channel and the bank-lending channel (Bernanke and Gertler 1995). According to the Pure Expectations Theory, it asserts that the forward rates exclusively represent the expected future rates which mean that the entire term structure reflects the markets expectations of future short-term rates. As it experiences an upward slope of yield curve currently, investors are pricing an increasing level of inflation and subsequently a change in Feds monetary policy (Iordache 2009). As known in theory, the central bank should continue expanding its balance sheet to eventually reduce the yield. Therefore the low level of the interest rates at the moment and the QE program will pick up the economy by strengthening the consumer spending. A s the expectation improved, it will increase the aggregate demand and then reduce the unemployment rate. Finally, the increase in asset price boosts the wealth and improves the balance sheet. It is reported that Quantitative Easing helps to work around the blockage created by a banking system that is still undergoing a process of balance sheet repair (Bean 2009). Argument Even though implementing quantitative easing provides numerous advantages to the economy, its safety is far from certain. Despite providing benefits, this monetary policy can sometimes have side-effects, such as high inflation or deflation as mentioned above. Quantitative easing is not always coming alone with advantages. For instance, some people assert that cost of capital can be decreased through low long-term interest rate. Yet, it is also argued that the attempt of reduction of long-term interest rate will only be effective under certain circumstances (Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). In U.S experience, it is unlikely to have significant impact on risk premiums if it only alters relative assets, because assets are close substitutes (Reinhart and Sack 2000). Therefore, the cost of capital will be lower only if investors expectation of future values of the policy rate is consistent with the target prices of assets (Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). Furthermore, Eggertston and Woodfords (2003) model demonstrates that long-term interest rate will not be affected by the purchase of long-term securities if investors do not change anticipation about future interest rate levels. Furthermore, the Guardian (2009) also points out that one of possible scenarios is that investors dump gilts, which increases long-term interest rate and gives burdens to fixed-interest mortgage and company loan. Consequently, it is reasonable to refer that quantitative easing is not always effective on giving low cost of capital. In addition, it is pointed out that the utility of central banks monetary policy will maximise if the policies are coordinated with central governments financial department. This is due to the fact that it has to be ensured that changes in debt-management policy will not contradict to the attempts of central banks to affect the relative supplies of securities (Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). Besides, it is also believed that quantitative easing enables bank to lend more. However, according to an empirical research of Kobayashi et al. (2006), the overall bank lending was decreasing during the period of quantitative easing in Japan. Thus, the accuracy of the statement is uncertain. Evidences Usually, central banks tend to cut down interest rates in order to encourage households to spend more money. However, once interest rates levels cannot go lower, the injection of money directly in the economy is the only remaining alternative. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) had to decide a monetary policy in accordance with the government inflation target which has been fixed at 2% in Great Britain. The supply of money has been then considered as a necessity to sustain the general economic growth while, however, avoiding an excess of it to avoid hyperinflation. After lowering again the interest rate to 0.5%, its lowest level since the creation of the Central Bank, the Bank of England started the quantitative easing program. This procedure, which was launched in March 2009, has been extended to reach in February 2010 an amount  £200 billion, to pull the UK out of the recession. With the permission of the Treasury, the Bank of England purchased  £200 billion of assets from which  £197.275 million was spent on UK bonds and the rest on corporate papers. Some on the MPC including the banks chief economist, Spencer Dale, and one of the external members, Andrew Sentance have signalled their belief that it is now time for the bank to adopt a wait-and-see approach to QE (Oxlade, 2010). The Bank of Englands efforts have worked in as much as they have very probably pushed down yields on gilts below where they would otherwise be. That has helped reduce the broad cost of borrowing. Yields on ten-year gilts dropped to 3% earlier in the year but have more recently climbed close to 4% and stabilised around this level (Figure 3 on page 14). The increase of the price of bonds reduces their yield, and in effect the interest rate. As interest rates across the economy are set in relation to gilt yields, quantitative easing can act as an extra lever pushing down borrowing costs. But there is a longer term danger by speculating about the debt markets. The government risks creating a bubble in bonds, which will break in a few years time once the economy will recover, building up interest rates and making the governments massive debt concern extremely costly to service (Oxlade, 2010). Source from Bank of England Figure 3: UK 10-year Government Bond Yield (%) However, the aim was also to get credit flowing again in the broad economy and then to launch spending in the British economy. From this point of view, the success of this policy tends to be limited. The money supply in the UK economy is considered as being the best measure of success. The Bank of England measures this as M4 (Figure 4 on page 15). This figure shows some improvements but only marginal and only in the last few months, concerning the 3 months annualised growth rate. However, the general trend of the M4 aggregate reminds downward trend. Source from Bank of England Figure 4: Growth rate of M4 from Bank of England The huge concern is that banks and insurers, rather than letting the conceeded money flow into the economy, prefer to credit it away to help improve their balance sheets and then financial solvency, particularly given that a second economic crash is still possible in this difficult context depicted by weak levels of the global economy financial aggregates. The largest danger is the creation of inflation. One of the QE program aims is to stop the UK falling into a deflationary trend. The injection of money in the economy creates inflation. To increase inflation to a certain level would be a good thing, a lot would be very dangerous, especially if the economy fails to recover and then fall in a stagflation period which could destroy a part of the countrys wealth. A bit of inflation would be helpful in reducing the cost of debts, particularly because Britain faces a record consumer debt of more than  £1.4 trillion and a national debt of officially  £825 billion (more than  £2.2 trillion once all liabilities are taken into account) (Seager, 2010 and Bank of England, 2010). Indeed, rising prices will make debts smaller. Legendary Warren Buffett has raised concerns that policy-makers may become addicted to creating inflation as a way of combating their debt problems (Lowery, 2010). Members of the MPC have signalled the halt of the quantitative easing program but could -and we consider have great chances- resume it when they consider that it is necessary. In this case, it still unclear whether the Bank will continue buying gilts or shift to buy corporate bonds, which may have a more immediate effect. However, such a decision could increase tensions between the bank and the treasury buying gilts makes it cheaper for the government to borrow money, which is crucial at a time when the volume of public debt is extremly high. If the economy continues to struggle to reach a confortable level of recovery, more QE could be expected and even become a permanent component in the U.K. It is important to consider that since QE effects are pretty much untested it is unclear what other side-effects may be caused. Conclusion By making comparison between the advantages and the disadvantages of QE, it can be concluded that QE is not suited to the situation in the UK at present. Although the economic situation after undertaking quantitative easing policy in the U.K. has been stabilised temporarily at least, as discussed earlier, the appropriate time length and money injection volume are uncertain. Moreover, according to the new statements issued in Britain, the bank is phasing out the policy. Hence, it is clear that it has been realized the quantitative easing, as an aggressive policy, can cause a high risk of inflation years to come. In conclusion, the negative impacts of conducting quantitative easing in the U.K. far outweigh its economic benefits. Although quantitative easing boosts the economy by reducing capital cost and improving monetary currency, it still needs deliberate control by relative departments such as the Central Bank and The Treasury. Otherwise, it may result in high inflation or deflation, even cause asset bubbles and depreciation of sterling. Quantitative easing has been considered as being the last resort solution to stimulate the economy and to kick-start growth after the systemic failure endured by the global economy. In the short term this measure certainly increases investors confidence but in the long term structural deficiencies of Britain, especially on the domestic credit market, it will fail to promote real financial stability. As a whole, quantitative easing policy is not proper to the U.K. and more attention should be paid concerning its implementation in this systematically defici ent context.

The Influence on the Beatles on American Culture Essay -- The British

The Beatles were more than their music. They influenced the lives of millions of people unlike any musicians before them. They were the first and most popular band in one of the most important music movements in American history, the British Invasion. The year 1964 was the year both the British Invasion and â€Å"Beatlemania† came to America and forever changed the landscape of music in the United States by introducing the genre of pop, as it is today. The Beatles changed the rules of music. Many things that are considered normal now were pioneered by the Beatles such as: creating compilation albums, expressing their views on world happenings through the media, musicians in movies, and even mass media advertising. The beatles influenced American culture more than any other musical artist in history (Holmes, 2012). Prior to the Beatles’ arrival to the United States in 1964, American society was in a valley of negativity. The following were some of the big headlines the American people had to endure: President John F. Kennedy, one of the most popular presidents ever, was assassinated in November of 1963. President Lyndon B. Johnson was increasing U.S. involvement in Vietnam, which was also creating tax increases, all despite the protests of millions of Americans. Policemen on national television were beating Martin Luther King Jr.’s followers. All of this negative publicity surrounding the American public had the people, especially the youth, needing something to take their mind off of the depression going on all around them. â€Å"The Beatles – with their cheeky wit and catchy, upbeat pop songs – proved to be the perfect anecdote for America’s collective depression† (Harry, 2004). Luckily for the American public and... .... "The Beatles." City Portal Liverpool. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2015. . A Brief History "The Beatles: It Was 40 Years Ago That They Began to Play." News Center. Richard Aquila, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015. . "The Beatles: Most Influential Band of All Time." Hub Pages. N.p., 4 May 2012. Web. 15 May 2015. "The British Invasion." Survey of American Popular Music. Mus273, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015. . "History of The Beatles." Beatle Tribute Bands. @lphaENTERTAINMENT, 2007. Web. 17 May 2015. .

The Skeletal System Essay examples -- Basic Pathology

The skeletal system includes the osseous tissues of the body and the connective tissues that stabilize or interconnect the individual bones. The bone is a dynamic tissue. Throughout the lifespan, bone adjusts to the physiologic and mechanical demands placed on it by the processes of growth and remodeling. Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As an organ, bones protect the viscera and house the hemopoietic tissue (red marrow). As a tissue, bones serve as a reservoir of readily mobilizable calcium, an ion vital for many metabolic processes including cell motility, excitability, secretion, phagocytosis, intermediary metabolism, respiration, and reproduction. Bones (or osseous material) serve a number of diverse purposes in the human anatomy. In addition to providing structure, leverage, protection, and support for the organs of the body, bones also house marrow, which produces blood cells. Within the bones are also stored the calcium deposits which the body may access, via resorption, when needed. Additionally, bones detoxify the system, by removing heavy metals, such as lead and arsenic, as well as other toxins, from the bloodstream. The skeletal system provides structural support for the entire body. Individual bones or groups of bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissue and organs. Delicate tissues and organs are often surrounded by skeletal elements. The ribs protect the heart and lungs, the skull encloses the brain, the vertebrae shield the spinal cord, and the pelvis ... ...& J.W. Heath, Wheater ¡Ã‚ ¦s functional Histology, 4th edition, Churchill-Livingstone, New York, 2000, pp. 175-192. Johnson, Michael D. Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2001. Khosla, S., Kumar, V., Ramzi, S.C., Robbins, S.L. 1992. Basic Pathology, 5th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. Manolagas, Starvros C. 2000. Birth and Death of Bone Cells: Basic Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Oteoporosis, Endocrine Reviews, 21(2): 115-137. Martin, B. 1993. Aging and strength of bone as a structural material, Calcified Tissue International, 53 (suppl.): S34-S40. Martini, Frederic. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1989. Raisz, Lawrence G. 1999. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Bone Remodeling, Clinical Chemistry, 45:8(B): 1353-1358.

Teenage Fashion

General subject: Fashion Limited subject: Teenage fashion in winter Thesis statement: There are different ways, the piece of fabric, called the scarf or muffler can be of such importance when it comes to teenager’s fashion especially in winter.Supporting points:1. Scarves or mufflers are never out of fashion. 2. It can be purchased at a very reasonable price and it’s efficient and it keeps the body warm in winter. 3. Scarves or mufflers go with any outfits teenagers wear.Conclusion: Although scarves or mufflers play a very important part in teenager’s fashion in winter, teenagers face competitions and usually get left out.Teenage Fashion in WinterThere are different ways, the piece of fabric, called the scarf or muffler can be of such importance when it comes to teenager’s fashion especially in winter. Winter brings the cold chilly air of excitement that seeps through teenager’s undying will of bringing unique trendy fashion in style. Scarves or muf flers are never out of fashion. This is specifically very important since no teenager wants to wear anything remotely out of fashion. Every year or season fashion keeps on changing but scarves have never been out of fashion. Teenagers of both the genders love to wear scarves. There are so many different patterns imprinted on them that boys as well as girls can have their favorite pick to go with any of their dress ups.The slightly thick scarves, known as mufflers, which are woolly and soft make it wrap fashionably perfectly around the neck and shoulders. When winter’s right round the corner, the streets or the local market or super malls will be filled with scarves and mufflers of all sorts. It’s very convenient for teenagers since it’s never out of fashion and they never have to look far to buy a scarf. It can be purchased  at a very reasonable price and it’s efficient and it keeps the body warm in winter. These scarves and mufflers can be found anywhe re and they can be bought with a good price or even cheaper. This is important since teenagers have to consider the amount of limited money or allowance they have in their pockets. It’s efficient to carry around as well.They can be easily folded and put in the bag. Scarves and mufflers are very comforting too in winter. It keeps the wind off the chest and neck. Teenagers are always on the go, going here and there, so the scarves or mufflers become a protective shield from the cold harsh winter wind. Scarves or mufflers go with any outfits teenagers wear. It can be worn round the head or tied with a knot round the neck or simply wrapped around the shoulders. It can help give off an elegant look by wearing with a gown or a dress. Teenage Boys can wear it instead of a tie even with formal dresses like the suit or t-shirts. But teenagers of the masculine side usually tend to look casual and neat at the same time which makes the mufflers or scarves a very important attire. The unb uttoned t-shirt trend was out of fashion thanks to the scarves.Teenage girls can choose to wear it at a party or a family dinner, or at a restaurant. It can go with tops and jeans or with a skirt or salwar kameez or coat or even suits. Depending on how it’s worn, it can be twirled in a huge bundle round the neck to give off a heavy posh look or it can be casually tied with a knot to give off a light carefree look. The different types of style you can do with scarves are endless and that’s why teenagers love it. Although scarves or mufflers play a very important part in teenager’s fashion in winter, teenagers face competitions and usually get left out. Many teenagers try to catch up with the trend but some people are always left behind. Then there is the problem with competitions among the teens, they aren’t satisfied unless they look better than the rest of the crowd. So, these teenagers might tend to avoid scarves just to look more unique among their fel low peers.