Historical Themes Schindlers List Essay Example for Free

Historical Themes Schindlers List Essay Light can still be found even in the darkest of times; Oskar Schindler shows this through his actions during the Holocaust. In the novel Oskar Schindler’s portrayed his motives and ways one man can help thousands of the struggling Polish Jews. What he did absolutely contradict what his country and leader wanted; they were planning to eradicate all Jews from the face of the Earth. By using his factory as a place for the helpless Jews to work, he avoided thousands from being sent to the concentration camps where they would work as slaves and eventually die. At first Schindler liked the idea of Polish workers but after he found out what Hitler’s true intentions were he quickly felt remorse for them and determined himself to save as many as humanly possible. He began employing more and more Jews, he saved thousands of lives but ruined his business in doing so. Schindler’s List by Thomas Keneally brilliantly portrayed the courage and human spirit in one man in the midst of terrible evil. Schindler proved the difference that one man can make by using his wit against the Nazis. Without the historical validity incorporated into the novel, the themes and overall story would not be up as great as it is already. Hitler’s Nazi regime ran a dictatorship with Adolf Hitler at the very head of the tyranny. Hitler’s master plan led to hopefully conquering the world and creates his version of society with perfect people and culture. Starting with the invasion of Poland he took Jews from their homes and forced them to do tedious work as slaves in concentration camps claiming that it was for their own protection. He tore families apart, and treated them with indignity in the camps by giving them very little food and forcing public nudity. Entire clans or families died at the order of the Nazis and no mercy could be seen from them as they killed the Jews in ways which would be seen as cruel and evil, even to humans. These events led to the deaths of six million Jewish citizens during World War II. Jews’ murders took place in many various ways; one way was in gas chambers disguised as showers. Corpses and left over residues burned in huge infernos that made it snow ashes of people. Human remains were also being used for the benefit of the Nazis; they used skin and lamp shades, hair as insulation, and skin also as a type of paper. Many Jewish families were desperate to not find themselves in the terrible camps that they did everything they could not to be captured and sent to their demise. Thomas Keneally describes the setting of Germany in the novel very accurately to the time period, and also the social status that some people had at the time. Germans lived being treated very normally by all soldiers of Hitler’s rule, but all others were treated as second class citizens or actually sub human. In the eyes of the Nazis Jews must be the lowest of the low to the, they were considered not as human but as some kind of sub species below all other humans. This aspect that was included in the novel is very true to history in Germany for 1943. Owning businesses or running one was against the law for any Jewish citizen. Many businesses burned down to the ground at the hand of the soldiers, ruining even wealthy land owners and workers. During World War II over six million Jews were killed by the Nazis and that is a fact included into the novel also. After the rest of European Jews heard about the genocide of Jews they and many others began hiding and helped hide people to avoid capture. People did everything to save themselves and others, some hid in the attics of Germans or in the barn of farmers. They started to become desperate to hide; Oskar Schindler used his very own factory where he produced pottery as a way to protect the Polish Jews. Oskar Schindler’s career led him to becoming a business man and entrepreneur in the pots and pans industry. His factory had become very successful because of the labor force provided by the Jews that were crowded into cities by the Nazis. In 1942 the Nazis really did begin to round up all the available Jews into ghettos or slums in the city to contain them like in the concentration camps. At the same time as Oskar Schindler a lady named Irena Sendler helped to save over two thousand Jewish children from the ghettos that the Nazis set up for them. . She and many others helped humanity by using their intellect, courage, and resources. If an event like this happened in any other time period it just would not be the same. Thomas Keneally’s Schindler’s List showed how one person can make a giant difference for many people. His novel’s historical aspects were accurate in most ways, it helped to enforce the themes in the story of the human spirit and one man can make a change. Throughout history it has been proven that if one person does one change it can help thousands of peoples’ lives forever. Adolf Hitler and his attempt to eradicate the Jewish population is the darkest time in history of humanity. But still, light can be found in the midst of total darkness and evil.

Wireless Area Networks Essay -- Technology Technological Essays

Wireless Area Networks Wireless technology has become an increasingly crucial part of today's world. From health care and retail to academia across the world, wireless systems are improving the rate and ease with which data is sent and received. Two specific examples of the wireless technology used today personally and professionally are local area networks (LAN) and personal area networks (PAN). A wireless local area network, or LAN is a flexible data communications system implemented as an augmentation to, or an alternative for a, wired local area network. These networks rely on electromagnetic airwaves to transmit and receive over a defined area, usually a few hundred feet. (Yahoo-wireless) In most cases, a wireless transmitter will be connected directly to a wired land network using Ethernet cables. Once the network feed has been connected to the transmitter, and a constant power supply is established, a steady stream of radio, or infrared waves with be produced (both are electromagnetic waves). The vast majority of wireless LAN systems tend to rely on radio waves as the carries for their signals, because infrared waves tend to have a shorter distance at which they are able to transmit, and are more easily interrupted. Radio waves, or radio carriers as they are referred to, transfer data through modulations of the carrier signal. The addition of d ata to a radio carrier causes the signal to occupy more than a single frequency. Once data is imprinted onto the radio signal it is a simple reversal of the transmitting process that allows the information to be decoded by a receiving station. (Rho Wireless) Radio waves offer another benefit to the wireless system in... ...ta instantaneous and without the hindrance of cables. Whether or not wireless systems are practical or necessary in a given situation is a matter of personal opinion. However, one cannot dispute the success these systems have had in numerous professional and personal areas and it is very likely that usage of LAN and PAN wireless systems will increase dramatically in the near future as technology continues to advance and evolve. Bibliography Rho Wireless. Wireless Local Area Networks. Oct. 20, 2003. Oct. 25, 2003. www.rhowireless.com/lans.htm Bluetooth Corporation. Bluetooth. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.bluetooth.com Yahoo Wireless. Wireless LAN. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.wireless-lan.com Home Networking Internet Sharing. Home help-802.11b. 2001. Oct. 22, 2003. www.homehelp.com/802.11b/index.asp Wireless Area Networks Essay -- Technology Technological Essays Wireless Area Networks Wireless technology has become an increasingly crucial part of today's world. From health care and retail to academia across the world, wireless systems are improving the rate and ease with which data is sent and received. Two specific examples of the wireless technology used today personally and professionally are local area networks (LAN) and personal area networks (PAN). A wireless local area network, or LAN is a flexible data communications system implemented as an augmentation to, or an alternative for a, wired local area network. These networks rely on electromagnetic airwaves to transmit and receive over a defined area, usually a few hundred feet. (Yahoo-wireless) In most cases, a wireless transmitter will be connected directly to a wired land network using Ethernet cables. Once the network feed has been connected to the transmitter, and a constant power supply is established, a steady stream of radio, or infrared waves with be produced (both are electromagnetic waves). The vast majority of wireless LAN systems tend to rely on radio waves as the carries for their signals, because infrared waves tend to have a shorter distance at which they are able to transmit, and are more easily interrupted. Radio waves, or radio carriers as they are referred to, transfer data through modulations of the carrier signal. The addition of d ata to a radio carrier causes the signal to occupy more than a single frequency. Once data is imprinted onto the radio signal it is a simple reversal of the transmitting process that allows the information to be decoded by a receiving station. (Rho Wireless) Radio waves offer another benefit to the wireless system in... ...ta instantaneous and without the hindrance of cables. Whether or not wireless systems are practical or necessary in a given situation is a matter of personal opinion. However, one cannot dispute the success these systems have had in numerous professional and personal areas and it is very likely that usage of LAN and PAN wireless systems will increase dramatically in the near future as technology continues to advance and evolve. Bibliography Rho Wireless. Wireless Local Area Networks. Oct. 20, 2003. Oct. 25, 2003. www.rhowireless.com/lans.htm Bluetooth Corporation. Bluetooth. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.bluetooth.com Yahoo Wireless. Wireless LAN. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.wireless-lan.com Home Networking Internet Sharing. Home help-802.11b. 2001. Oct. 22, 2003. www.homehelp.com/802.11b/index.asp

International Accountancy Quiz Question from Test Bank

* Question 1 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | The following inventory information above was taken from the records of BlobeKom Ltd. :Historical Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $12,000Replacement Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $ 9,000Expected selling price  Ã‚   $10,000Expected selling cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $  Ã‚  Ã‚   500Normal profit margin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10% of selling priceUnder U. S. GAPP, what should the Balance Sheet report for Inventory? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  $9,000| | | | | * Question 2 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | How should the cost of borrowing funds to acquire or construct property, plant, and equipment be accounted for under IASB rules, as revised in 2007?Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  It should be added to the other costs of acquiring fixed assets to determine the amount for the balance sheet. | | | | | * Question 3 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | The following inventory information above was taken from the recor ds of BlobeKom Ltd. :Historical Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $12,000Replacement Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $ 9,000Expected selling price  Ã‚   $10,000Expected selling cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $  Ã‚  Ã‚   500Normal profit margin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10% of selling priceUnder IAS 2, what should the Balance Sheet report for Inventory?Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  $9,500| | | | | * Question 4 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | Under IAS 16 (Property, Plant, and Equipment), subsequent revaluation decreases are:Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  first recognized as a reduction in any related revaluation surplus| | | | | * Question 5 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | Which of the following is generally true about the differences between U. S. GAAP and IASB standards? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  U. S. GAAP tends to be more rule-based, and the IASB standards tend to be principles-based. | | | | * Question 6 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | Th e â€Å"Seventh Directive† issued by the European Commission is a statement to the European Union (EU) members concerning:Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Consolidated financial statements| | | | | * Question 7 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | What basis does the International Accounting Standards Board use in formulating its IFRS? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  A framework of accounting principles| | | | | * Question 8 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | What was the â€Å"Norwalk Agreement? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  A pledge between the Financial Accounting Standards Board in the U. S. and the IASB to make their reporting standards compatible| | | | | * Question 9 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | How does IAS 34 (Interim Financial Reporting) differ from U. S. GAAP? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  U. S. GAAP takes the position that interim periods are an integral part of the full year. | | | | | * Question 10 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | W hich of the following statements is true about accounting harmonizaiton?Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  All of the above are true about accounting harmonization| | | | | * Question 11 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | From a practical standpoint, what is the goal of accounting standards harmonization? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Reducing the conflict among national accounting standards| | | | | * Question 12 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | Which of the following inventory valuation methods commonly used in the U. S. is NOT allowed under IAS 2 (Inventories)? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  LIFO| | | | | * Question 13 . 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | Why does the IASB believe that a principles-based approach to standard setting is superior to a rules-based perspective? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Detailed prescriptions or rules encourage accountants to look for ways to circumvent the rules rather than trying to provide useful information. | | | | | * Question 14 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | In which of the following countries is the use of IFRS not allowed for domestic companies listed on its stock exchanges? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  United States| | | | * Question 15 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | What types of issues cause differences between International Financial Reporting Standards and U. S. GAAP? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  All of the above may be different between IFRS and U. S. GAAP| | | | | * Question 16 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | According to the Framework for Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements of the IASB, what is the definition of INCOME? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Increase in equity (other than from contributions by owners)| | | | * Question 17 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | In 1990, the European Commission stopped issuing directives related to accounting. Why? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  The EU was leaving the formulation of accoun ting standards up to the IASC. | | | | | * Question 18 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | If a company chooses the revaluation model permitted in IAS 16 for fixed asset measurement:Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  it must update the valuation so that the balance sheet represents fair value on the balance sheet date. | | | | * Question 19 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | Which of the following items is considered to be the most significant impediment to accounting harmonization? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Nationalism| | | | | * Question 20 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points | | | According to IAS 16 (Property, Plant & Equipment), what is the term used to indicate the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm's length transaction? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Fair market value| | | | |

What Effect Does Tryptophan Have On Your Body

Tryptophan is an amino acid that is found in many foods, such as turkey. L-tryptophan foods have a reputation for causing sleepiness. Here are some facts about what tryptophan is and the effects it has on your body. Tryptophan Chemistry Key Takeaways Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids. Humans cannot make it and must obtain it from their diet.Tryptophan is used in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin.Some people take tryptophan supplements as a sleep aid or antidepressant. However, eating foods rich in tryptophan has not been shown to cause drowsiness. Chemistry in the Body Tryptophan is (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid and is abbreviated as Trp or W. Its molecular formula is C11H12N2O2. Tryptophan is one of the 22 amino acids and the only one with an indole functional group. Its genetic codon is UGC in the standard genetic code. Humans and other animals arent the only organisms that use tryptophan. Plants use the amino acid to make auxins, which are a class of phytohormones, and some types of bacteria synthesize tryptophan. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, meaning you need to get it from your diet because your body cannot produce it. Fortunately, tryptophan is found in many common foods, including meats, seeds, nuts, eggs, and dairy products. It is a common misconception that vegetarians are at risk for insufficient tryptophan intake, but there are several excellent plant sources of this amino acid. Foods that are naturally high in protein, either from plants or animals, typically contain the highest levels of tryptophan per serving. Your body uses tryptophan to make proteins, the B-vitamin niacin, and the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. However, you also need to have sufficient iron, riboflavin and vitamin B6 to make niacin and serotonin. Together with tyrosine, tryptophan plays a role in anchoring membrane proteins in cells. Only the L-stereoisomer of tryptophan is used by the human body. The D-stereoisomer is much less common in nature, though it does occur, as in the marine venom contryphan. A Dietary Supplement and Drug Tryptophan is available as a dietary supplement, although its use has not been demonstrated to affect levels of tryptophan in the blood. Some studies have indicated tryptophan may be effective as a sleep aid and as an antidepressant. These effects may be related to the role of tryptophan in the synthesis of serotonin. Health conditions that lead to poor tryptophan absorption (like fructose malabsorption) may reduce blood serum levels of the amino acid and are associated with depression. A metabolite of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), may have application in the treatment of depression and epilepsy. Can You Eat Too Much? Eating large amounts of foods high in tryptophan, such as turkey, has not been shown to cause drowsiness. This effect typically is associated with eating carbohydrates, which trigger the release of insulin. Even so, while you need tryptophan to live, animal research indicates eating too much of it may be bad for your health. Research in pigs shows excessive tryptophan may lead to organ damage and increased insulin resistance. Studies in rats correlate a diet low in tryptophan with an extended lifespan.  Although L-tryptophan and its metabolites are available for sale as supplements and prescription medications, the Food and Drug Administration has warned that it is not categorically safe to take and may cause illness. Research into the health risks and benefits of tryptophan is ongoing. Foods High in Tryptophan Tryptophan is found in high-protein foods such as meat, fish, dairy, soy, nuts, and seeds. Baked goods often contain it, too, especially if they contain chocolate.Baking chocolateCheeseChickenEggsFishLambMilkNutsOatmealPeanut butterPeanutsPorkPumpkin seedsSesame seedsSoybeansSoy milkSpirulinaSunflower seedsTofuTurkeyWheat flour Resources and Further Reading Koopmans, Sietse Jan, et al. â€Å"Surplus Dietary Tryptophan Inhibits Stress Hormone Kinetics and Induces Insulin Resistance in Pigs.† Physiology Behavior, vol. 98, no. 4, 19 Oct. 2009, pp. 402-410.Ooka, Hiroshi, et al. â€Å"Neural and Endocrine Development after Chronic Tryptophan Deficiency in Rats: II. Pituitary—Thyroid Axis.† Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 7, 1978, pp. 19-24.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 6th ed., Government Printing Office, Jan. 2005, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

The Common Thread Among The Conflict - 1534 Words

Kimberly Jimenez April 13, 2015 E405 History Draft US Intervention: The Common Thread amongst the Conflict Fear is an abstract concept but it does not make it any less real. For centuries, countries have been at the brink of war and chaos and nothing that has been attempted has resolved the issue. It is time to revise the previous attempts. United States intervention has been an ongoing issue that continues to harm a multitude of nations; thus, we need to decrease US involvement among other nations by reconstructing foreign policy and military involvement. According to Hobbes, in the state of nature there was an issue with individuals infringing upon autonomy. Ultimately, that lead to this agreement upon the people and what they determined to be Just. They based it off of two principles: It first deals with what the public conceives as justice and it strives to further the public’s interests (Goldstein 157-158). When society was first founded we made the mutual agreement to not infringe on another person and their autonomy. Throughout history mankind has been innately evil and have had a motive to improve ourselves at the cost of the other person. The problem has been prominent and consistent throughout time and different cultures. The origin of the problem began in the state of nature when the public was allowed to decide who was deserving of justice. Another belief and concept was then conceived in society. The concept that happiness is truly never achieved unless weShow MoreRelatedPatagonia Another Way of Doing Business1096 W ords   |  5 Pagesethical image, hence the loyalty of its core customers. 4 Patagonia: The Common Threads Initiative This marketing program first asks customers to not buy something if they dont need it, then if they do need it, Patagonia ask that they buy what will last a long time and to repair what breaks, reuse or resell whatever they dont wear any more. And, finally, recycle whatevers truly worn out. Patagonia with The Common Threads Initiative is the first private company launching a marketing campaign tellingRead MorePatagonia Another Way of Doing Business1106 Words   |  5 Pagesethical image, hence the loyalty of its core customers. 4 Patagonia: The Common Threads Initiative This marketing program first asks customers to not buy something if they dont need it, then if they do need it, Patagonia ask that they buy what will last a long time and to repair what breaks, reuse or resell whatever they dont wear any more. And, finally, recycle whatevers truly worn out. Patagonia with The Common Threads Initiative is the first private company launching a marketing campaign tellingRead MoreTeam Dynamics and Conflict Resolution in Work Teams953 Words   |  4 PagesTeam Dynamics and Conflict Resolution in Work Teams Teams are groups of people who work together to achieve a common goal (Learning Team Handbook, p 310). Workplace teams are increasing as businesses find the yield of team productivity and creativity exceeds individual productivity/creativity. To promulgate productive teams, businesses have had to identify common threads for successful teams. Businesses have identified the dynamics and needs of successful teams. Seven tasks must be includedRead MoreThe Economic Development And Security Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship comes from the end of World War II. In the last several years many have started to question the wisdom of this thought process. â€Å"While the relationship between economic development and security is a complex one, it has long been common wisdom among policymakers that poverty is a causal factor in security issues, if not the direct cause (Muller pg1)†. As the world closed the chapter on World War II, political leaders looked to stop wars from beginning, thus the creation of the United NationRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership : A New Phase Of Development856 Words   |  4 Pagesis a function of the use of events and people to impress leadership lessons upon a leader (processing or shaping activities), time, and leader response (Clinton 2012, 171-173). Ultimately, processing items in critical life events such as ministry conflict provide opportunities to bring closure to recent experiences, to deepen ones relationship to God, to expand one s perspectives to see new things, and to make decisions which will launch one into a new phase of development (Clinton 1992, 16). HowRead MoreLand, Growth, and Justice: The Removal of the Cherokees Essays1293 Words   |  6 PagesLand, Growth, and Justice: The Removal of the Cherokees There has always been a big debate on whether the Cherokee Indians should have or should not have been removed from the land they resided on. Although the common consensus of the whites was for removal, and for the Cherokees it was against removal, there were some individuals on each side that disagreed with their groups’ decision. The Cherokee Indians should have been removed from their homeland because the Cherokees would not have beenRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Rich And Poor828 Words   |  4 PagesStriving to solve the conflict between the rich and poor, Shiva introduces the concept of the Earth Democracy: a political movement directed to achieve peace, justice, and sustainability (p. 561). Shiva is concerned that growing industrial globalization results in the unequal and unfair distribution of profits, leading to increased prosperity of the small fraction of the population, and worsened living conditions for the predominant majority. Wealthy people take advantage of the natural resourcesRead MoreThe Quest Is A Carries For The Expulsion Of Iraqi Forces From Kuwait1114 Words   |  5 Pageschange; he summaries the struggles in reaching any kind of international accord, but determines that the growing awareness of its impact is encouraging greater energy efficiency and above all an interest in renewables. In The Quest, Yergin picks up the thread of the story in the latter part of the 20th Century, a time in which fossil fuels have shared the stage with other forms of energy more favored by certain policy makers, while the world staggered from the break-up of the Soviet Union and the emergenceRead MoreEssay on Communication Traits of Happy Couples1638 Words   |  7 Pagesfind a common thread between couples who stay committed to one another while being satisfied in the relationship. There are communicative traits practiced by these couples who are happy. Those traits include but are not limited to successful conflict resolution, communicative responses to situations which threaten your relationship, the use of rituals to build relational quality and intimacy, the role of affection in relational satisfaction. There is a correlation between successful conflict resolutionRead MoreImproving The Safe Operation Of Steel Manufacturing System And Controlling And Monitoring Coolant Temperature982 Words   |  4 Pagesmonitor items, active/operative items, and peripheral configurators† by wrapping and increasing endemic operating system communication and concurrency mechanism. The specialty of these peripherals is striking out each operating system unexpected conflicts, destroying network applications which exhibit characteristics like tiresome, error-prone, and non-portability. Open Virtual Machine (OVM) is one of the example middleware infrastructure layer. Customization of synchronization, territory access,

Essay about President Bush And Us Foreign Policy - 1683 Words

The United States election in 2000 raised a debate between democrat and republican and in the end the American people chose a new leader Mr. George w. Bush. President Bush clearly defined foreign policy objectives and goals. I have seen and hear our dear President Bush foreign policy after September 11. Following this, Bush has established its top priorities in foreign policy. He claims that an acts in the government to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation. Likewise President Bush remark It is to inspire and be inspired by other nations to work together toward a peaceful and prosperous future (BBC News). Bush, as well as our society, feels the president should be strong- especially in international†¦show more content†¦Bush, as well as our society, feels the president should be strong- especially in international politics and policies. When the United States was attacked September 11, 2001, the people looked to the president to lead, and in essence, seek revenge. On both of these levels of domestic considerations, we will never know to exactly what extent they influence the presidents choice of action, but they help us in understanding some of the foreign policy decisions. Going beyond the individual to the expectations of the position, the role consideration plays an influential domestic part in the response to an external event and ultimately foreign policymaking. Furthermore to do this, Bushs administration has outlined some specific objectives. Allies are crucial to conduct foreign operations, so the Bush has joined several international organizations that allow it to serve at the forefront of international policy. Some of the more famous ones are the United Nations, which is the biggest organization and has many sub-level organizations, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group (Directory of Economic, Commodity and Developmental Organiza tions). Knowing that United States is involved in these international organizations President Bush refuses to listen to UN (United Nation) andShow MoreRelatedGeorge W. Bush s Foreign Policy Successful1601 Words   |  7 PagesBush’s foreign policy successful?  ¬ â€Å"Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel American resolve† - George. W. Bush Prior to World War I, the United States’ foreign policy remained predominantly isolated. However, upon the end of the war, American foreign policy saw a pragmatic shift from its original isolationistic nature to XXXXX . America’s policy thenRead MoreThe War On Terror : An Example Of All Three Foreign Policy Tools Is Afghanistan Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Terror required utilizing pre-emptive war, regime change, and unilateralism. An example of all three foreign policy tools is Afghanistan. Bush took a hard line approach with the Taliban government of Afghanistan, who had a semi-friendly working relationship with Osama bin Laden’s terrorist group, al Qaeda, by declaring that if the Taliban government did not hand over bin Laden, the U.S. would invade Afghanistan. The War on Terror created a renewed moralism that had effectively disappearedRead MoreThe Impact Of Public Opinion On U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam1692 Words   |  7 Pagesattitudes have affected policymakers decisions in his book, The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam. During the Persian Gulf War, public opinion ultimately shaped policy. How the policy was attained, not the goals of the policy were shaped by the public opinion. The Persian Gulf War would be the largest use of the U.S. military since Vietnam, thus causing the Bush administration to consider how the public would react when they presented the crisis. A lack of consensusRead MoreU.s. Obama s Foreign Policy1621 Words   |  7 PagesObama was elected president in 2008 .WHen Obama was running for president many people did not know him. He was unknown to the general public. When Obama was elected many people were happy and wanted him to win because Obama promised to end war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Which he did during the end of his presidency he ended the Iraq war and also signed a nuclear deal with Iraq from obtaining nuclear weapons. He tended to keep away from foreign policy. Some of Obama s Major Foreign Policy accomplishmentsRead MoreAnalysis Of George W. Bush s National Insecur ity1264 Words   |  6 Pages George W. Bush is often described as the worst president the US has ever had. For many, this harsh criticism is propelled by the great challenges of his presidency and the sheer problems that were left to his successor. Much of the reproach for Bush is valid, both domestic and international affairs worsened due to mistakes made under his leadership. We saw a rise in unemployment, an economy on the verge of collapse, and terrorist actions triggering two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Despite theRead MoreAmerican Strategy For U.s. Foreign Policy829 Words   |  4 PagesWalter Russel Mead, a Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, believes that â€Å"American strategy for U.S. foreign policy is shaped from four distinct schools of thought: Hamilton and his protectionist toward commence, Wilson and his sense of moral principles; Jefferson and his maintenance of our democratic system; and Jackson, the advocate of populist values and military might.â₠¬  Henry Kissinger argued that one of these schools has dominated American strategy and statedRead MoreBushs Views On Obamas Presidency1664 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout his tenure Bush was a staunch advocate of free market policies, often justifying his approach with American productivity. For instance in his 2006 State of the Union address Bush asserted that â€Å"with open markets and a level playing field, no one can out-produce or out-compete the American worker† (Bush, State of Union, 2006). This unmistakeably shows Bush’s favouring of free trade policies over protectionism. This belief is, to an extent, reflected in his practice as Bush did enact a seriesRead MoreThe United States : A Global Power And The Attack On The Twin Towers Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfighter planes attacked the United States specifically the American Naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu. This surprise attack was tragic and killed over 2,000 soldiers and sailors and injured an other 1,000 soldiers. The day after this attack President Franklin D Roosevelt asked congress to declare war on Japan and they approved this declaration. Not only did the USA declared on Japan , they joined world war 2 which had been alive for two years already. Relations between Japan and the U.S. werenRead More North Korea And The New Administration Essays971 Words   |  4 PagesTalks have recently resumed from a visit by President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea with President Bush on March 6. The Bush Administration is undertaking what it calls a through review of American policy towards North Korea and its president Kim Jong II. It is clear that the Bush Administration is taking a far harder line than the Clinton Administration did in 1994 that tried unsuccessfully, to close a deal on missile control before they left office. The Bush Administration has called for â€Å"verification†Read MoreAssess the View That, in Practice, Presidential Power Is Restricted to Issues Relating to Foreign Policy.725 Words   |  3 Pagesin practice, presidential power is restricted to issues relating to foreign policy. The office of president today is very different from that envisaged by the framers of the constitution in 1787- the circumstances that have given rise to modern presidential power could not have been foreseen. However some argue that the office of president is one of inherent weakness rather than strength, and that the powers of the president were no guarantee that power could actually be exercised. In his view

Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination Free Essays

ARA S TIRM A / ORIGINAL ARTICL E Gulhane T? p Derg 2011; 53: 17-25  © Gulhane Askeri T? p Akademisi 2011 Investigation of the frequency of testicular self examination performance in young adult males Ercan Gocgeldi (*), Necmettin Kocak (**), Serdar Ulus (**), Cenk Yeginer (**), Seref Basal (***) SUMMARY Testicular tumors are the second most frequently observed malignancy after leukemia in the age group of 20-35 in men. The rate of a 5-year survey is 99. 9% with early diagnosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Awareness of the individuals and performing a testicular self examination by themselves are important in the early diagnosis. Our aim in this cross-sectional study was to determine the performance frequency of testicular self examination and the factors affecting this among young adults. Of all the participants, 23. 3%, 6. 8% and 4. 7% declared that they had heard about testicular cancer and about testicular self examination, and that they had performed testicular self examination at least once in their life, respectively. The rates of hearing about and performing testicular self examination were found low in the present study, however these rates were higher among those who had heard of testicular cancer from population. Well planned campaigns and educational organizations may be conducted in the country-wide in order to increase the awareness about testicular cancer and the frequency of testicular self examination. Key words: Soldier, testicular cancer, testicular self-examination, young adult man OZET Genc eriskin erkeklerde kendi kendine testis muayenesi yapma s? kl? g? n? n arast? r? lmas? Testis tumorleri 20-35 yas grubu erkeklerde losemiden sonra en s? k rastlanan 2. malignitedir. Erken tan? ile 5 y? ll? k yasam oran? %99. 9’dur. Bireylerin fark? ndal? g? ve kendi kendilerine testis muayenesi yapmalar? erken tan? icin onemlidir. Bu kesitsel cal? smadaki amac? m? z, genc eriskin erkeklerde kendi kendisine testis muayenesi uygulama duzeyi ve buna etki eden faktorleri saptamakt? r. Kat? l? mc? lar? n %23. 3’u testis kanserini duyduklar? n? , %6. 8’i kendi kendisine testis muayenesini duyduklar? n? , %4. 7’si hayatlar? boyunca en az bir kez kendi kendisine testis muayenesi yapt? klar? n? belirtmislerdir. Cal? smam? z? n yap? ld? g? populasyonda kendi kendisine testis muayenesini duyma s? kl? g? ve kendi kendisine testis muayenesi yapma durumlar? dusuk bulunmustur, ancak bu oranlar testis kanserini populasyondan duyanlarda daha yuksek olarak bulunmustur. Testis kanserinin fark? ndal? g? n? n ve kendi kendisine testis muayenesinin s? kl? g? n? n art? r? lmas? icin ulke genelinde iyi planlanm? s kampanyalar ve egitim organizasyonlar? duzenlenebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Asker, testis kanseri, kendi kendine testis muayenesi, genc eriskin erkek * Department of Plan and Programming, Commandership of Health, Turkish Military Forces ** Department of Public Health, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty *** Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty This study was presented at the 12th National Congress of Public Health (Ankara, October 21-25, 2008) Reprint request: Dr. Ercan Gocgeldi, Department of Plan and Programming, Commandership of Health, Turkish Military Forces, Bakanl? klar, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: drnkocak@gmail. com Date submitted: July 15, 2010 †¢ Date accepted: November 01, 2010 Introduction Testicular cancer is one of the health problems, frequency of which continuously increases. Testicular tumors are the second most frequent malignancy after leukemia in males at the age group of 20-35 (1). The incidence of testicular cancer shows variations between countries, races and socio-economic classes. The rate is 6. 7% and 0. in Scandinavian countries and Japan, respectively. In the USA 2-3 new cases are reported per 100. 000 males per year (2). The risk of a development of testicular cancer in white males in the USA during the whole life is at a level of 0. 2%. The incidence in people of higher socio-economic classes is half of the lower socio-economic classes (2). Although the reason for testicular cancer is not known exactly, there is knowledge regarding that both congenital as well as some acquired factors are responsible in tumor development. The strongest relationship is with an â€Å"undescended testis†. Approximately 7-10% of testicular cancers develop with cryptorchidism history. The cryptorchidism prevalence is 9. 2-30. 0% in premature births and 3. 55. 8% in mature births. Cryptorchidism frequency is 0. 8-1. 0% during the first age and remains unchanged with a ratio of 0. 7% until puberty (3). Five to 10% of testicular tumors occur on the opposite side, in the normal descended testis. The highest relative malignancy risk (1 of 20) is met in intra-abdominal testis. Placement of the cryptorchid testis into the scrotum (orchidopexy) reduces the malignancy potential of the cryptorchid testis (2). The frequency of testicular cancer cases met on the right side is 52. 3%, on the left side 47. 7%, and the frequency of being bilateral is 2-3% (4). In general the patients consult the physician due to a painless single side bulge and mass in the scrotum. The growth of the testis in general develops slowly and a feeling of testicular pain is experienced. The common accepted opinion is that until the opposite 17 is approved, a determined asperity in the testis needs to be deemed as a malign tumor (3). Other symptoms are gynecomasty, pigmentation on the scrotum, and pain in the abdomen and the groin. Scrotal pain develops at the late period of the tumor as a result of tunica albuginea or epididymis invasion (4). The time between the first discovery of the lesion in the testis and start of the definite treatment (orchidectomy) is 3-6 months in average. The time of the delay shows a correlation with the incidence of the metastasis. Approximately 10% of the patients are asymptomatic and can be detected upon trauma or by the sexual partner of the patient (3). Testis tumor often mimics epididymitis and epididymorchidis. Ten per cent of testis tumors mimics orchiepididymitis. Their diagnosis can easily be made with ultrasound and anamnesis. Other diseases to be considered during the diagnosis are spermatocele, traumatic hematocele, granulomatous orchitis, varicocele and epidermoid cysts (3). Testicular cancer can be treated completely when they are detected in early stages. The chance for a 5-year life is 99. 9% with early diagnosis (5). Among the basic diagnostic methods, ultrasound, transillumination and computed tomography can be mentioned (1,3). Individuals’ awareness and their performing a testicular self examination (TSE) by themselves is important regarding an early diagnosis (3). Routine testicular self examination (R-TSE) is an examination performed by the person himself at least once a month and regularly, which is made by using both hands, while holding the testis with one hand and examining the testis on masses during bathing or after bathing in front of a mirror (1,6). Along with the advantages that R-TSE is easy to learn and to apply, safe, non-invasive, economic, and does not need any special tools and devices, take time. When it is performed regularly each month, it provides that changes are detected early because the testis structure is known. There are some studies examining testicular cancer and TSE performance frequencies. In these studies, TSE performance frequency varies according to the attributes of the group with which the study is realized. The frequencies of hearing about testicular cancer and TSE and performance of TSE in these studies are summarized in Table I. In the study performed by Ercan et. al. among 867 male university students between the ages of 18-30 years, it is determined that 8. 9% of the participants have heard about TSE, and 5. 1% perform TSE (6). In the study performed by Lechner et. l. among 274 students between the ages of 15-19 years, it is determi18 †¢ March 2011 †¢ Gulhane Med J ned that 3. 0% of the participants have heard about TSE and 2. 0% performed TSE (5). The TSE performance frequency of the participants of the study realized by Khadra et. al. among 202 persons of the ages of 18-50 years who consulted a polyclinic providing first stage health services is determined as 22. 0 % (7). In the study performed by Moore et. al. among 203 people who are university students or graduates between the ages of 20-45 years, it is determined that 32. % of the participants have heard about TSE and 22. 0% performed TSE (8). In the study by Rudberg et. al. performed among university students in Sweden, it is determined that many of the students have not heard anything about TSE (9). In the study of Tichler et. al. among 717 soldiers and 200 military physicians in the Israeli army, 2. 0% of the soldiers and 73% of the physicians have stated that they have performed TSE (10). In the study of Vaz et. al. among 1364 adolescent males, 28. 0% of the participants stated that they had heard about testicular cancer (11). In this study of Wardle et. al. among 7304 young male adults, it is stated that 13. 0% of the participants have performed TSE (12). In the study by Neef et. al. among 404 male college students, it is stated that 42. 0% of the participants heard about TSE, 22% performed TSE before (13). In the study by Cummings et. al. among 266 university students and male graduates, it is determined that 16. 0% of the participants have heard about TSE (14). In the study of Christine et. al. among 191 young adult males between the ages of 18-35 years, it is stated that 36. % of the participants have performed TSE (15). It is rather important that the male become more aware on testicular cancer, of which the frequency of incurrence has raised during the last years, they learn and apply TSE as an early diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to determine the testicular self examination performance frequency in young adult males. Material and Methods The universe of this study, planned in cross sec tion type, was constituted by 5033 persons, who joined the Etimesgut Armoured Units Education Center Commandership in the recruitment period in November 2007. There is no sample selection made for the study, it is targeted to reach the whole universe in a term of one week upon the start of the arrival of the soldiers to the unit. As some soldiers joined the unit except for working hours and that some rejected to participate in the study, not the whole of the universe could be reached, the study was performed with 3645 (72. 4%) persons. The data were collected by the researchers using the question form, developed by the researchers after a liGocgeldi et al. Table I. Brief findings of studies regarding the performance of a testicular self examination Researchers Research type Age group Group attribute Hearing of Hearing (n) testicular of TSE cancer Ercan et. al. (6) Lechner et. al. (5) Khadra et. al. (7) Cross sectional Descriptive Descriptive 18-30 15-19 18-50 University students (867) High-school students (274) People consulting polyclinic providing a first stage health services (202) University students and graduates (203) High-school students (727) Male soldiers (717) Military physicians (200) Vaz et. al. (11) Wardle et. al. (12) Neef et. al. 13) Cummings et. al. (14) Descriptive Cross sectional Descriptive Descriptive Adolescent Young adult male (1364) 16486 students College students (404) University students and graduates (266) People living in industry complex (191) 42% 16% 28% 42. 9% 26. 0% 91. 0% 8. 9% 3. 0% 28% At least one performance of TSE in life 5. 1% 2. 0% 22% At least once a month performance of TSE Country Turkey Holland England Moore et. al. (8) Rudberg et. al. (9) Tichler et. al. (10) Descriptive Cross sectional Descriptive 20-45 15-21 90. 6% 11. 3% 32. 0% 5. 6% 22. 0% 11. 5% 2% 73% 5. 06% 1. 2% England Sweden Israel USA 13% 22% 8% England USA USA Christine et. al. (15) Descriptive 18-35 36% USA terature hatch. On the question form, there are 7 questions regarding their socio-demographic attributes, 3 questions regarding the stories of the participants regarding cancer and testicular cancer, 10 questions regarding testicular self examination in order to determine their behavior and 15 questions regarding testicular cancer, symptoms and TSE were included into the knowledge test. The pre-test of the question form, prepared by the researchers was made with 20 soldiers of the Gulhane Military Medical Academy. Support Troops Command, failures regarding the application and easiness to understand and observed failures regarding data entrance are amended. It was approved by the ethic commission. Groups of 20 persons of the soldiers who joined the Etimesgut Armoured Units Education Center Commandership in November 2007 were interviewed, the study and its aim were explained, if they should want to participate (those who orally accepted to) necessary information regarding some definitions in the inquiry (testis, undescended testis, testicular self examination) is provided orally such that Volume 53 †¢ Issue 1 he participants can understand these and provided that they answer the questions under observation. The recruitment age in Turkey is 20 and those, who are not hindered join the Armed Forces in general at the age of 21 years. But only at a little part the recruitment age is later due to several reasons. Thus, in general male perform their military services at the age of 20-21. For that, the ages are grouped as 20-21, 2224, 25 years and above. The occupational information of the participants is obtained as open end and afterwards a grouping regarding being or not-being related to healthcare is performed. The demographic distribution of the participants is grouped by the regionalization system of five of the Turkish Statistic Institute by respecting their provinces of birth. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10. 0 package statistic software. The descriptive statistics were given as frequencies and percent. The TSE performance frequencies and completeness of some sociodemographic with descriptive attributes, the completeness of giving correct answers to each question of the knowledge test with the TSE performance freTesticular self examination †¢ 19 quency, of which it was thought that they may have an effect on this, was compared with the chi-square, and the comparison of the average of the participants giving correct answers at the knowledge test according to their socio-demographic and descriptive attributes was compared with the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test. A p value of How to cite Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination, Essay examples